how to make line follower

2009-11-24T07:55:00.000-08:00

Line follower is the basic competition in the many of the techfests held in different Engineering colleges .
Today I will tell you how you can make simple line follower.
Let's start from components. You require following types of components----
For external body Construction--.
1)Bread board 2)Bread board wires
3)12VBattery
4)12V DC motors-2nos5)Wheels-2nos

Components required for electronic circuitery-->
1)IC"S
a)Microcontroller(We are using 89S52)
b)Motor driver IC(L293d)
c)Opamp (LM 324)
d)Voltage regulator (7805)

2)Sensors
pair of IR Tx & Rx ,i.e
a)IR led(transmitter
b)Photo diode(receiver)
Instead we can also use ultrasonic sensors or LDR
as the sensing components.These plays vital role.

3)others
Other components are the general resistances ,LEDs,
capacitors etc.

Nessasary tools
1)Cutter+Stripper 2)Nose plier 3)small Srew driver

Procedure for circuit making

Overall working system
1)Sensor circuit
This is the simple circuitery for sensor connections & we have connect more than one IR sensor pairs.In single LM 324 we can connect 4 Ir pairs (or any other type of sensor)To convert the analog value into binary form by comparing with the resistance of potentiometer.The output is taken from pin no 1 or 7 or 8or 14.This out put is given to the any port of microcontroller.
2)Brain of the circuit-89S52 controller
Following is the pin diagram of 89S52.

It has 4 I/O ports port 0,port1,port2,port3.Each port is having 8 pins ,sothat we can connect total of 32 I/O devices. All other pins are also shown in the diagram.
Now how to connect this ic is shown below----

CLUB FIRST

how to make line follower